1.) Install jboss into a folder containing non-ascii characters. (i.e. "C:\Testチ").
2.) run standalone.bat

C:\Test?\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin>set JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jre7

C:\Test?\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin>standalone.bat
Calling "C:\Test?\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin\standalone.conf.bat"
===============================================================================

JBoss Bootstrap Environment

JBOSS_HOME: C:\Test?\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final

JAVA: C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\java

JAVA_OPTS: -XX:+TieredCompilation -Dprogram.name=standalone.bat -Xms64M -Xmx512M -XX:MaxPermSize=256M -Dsun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval=3600000 -Dsun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval=3600000 -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dorg.jboss.resolver.warning=true -Djboss.modules.system.pkgs=org.jboss.byteman -Djb
oss.server.default.config=standalone.xml

===============================================================================

Error: Unable to access jarfile C:\Test?\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\jboss-modules.jar
Press any key to continue . . .
C:\Test?\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin>

3.) pleas note that: "Testチ" used in path -> 'チ' does not bellong to system locale code page. E.g.: char 'チ' is in CP 932, system locale code page used 437/1252,..

4.) i would also like to add that jboss does not start if it installed in "normal" folder, but JBOSS_CONFIG_DIR && JBOSS_LOG_DIR are set to folder with non-ascii characters:

c:\test\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin>set JBOSS_LOG_DIR=c:\Test?

c:\test\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin>set JBOSS_CONFIG_DIR=c:\Test?\configuration

c:\test\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin>dir %JBOSS_CONFIG_DIR%
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is 2C2F-FA6F

Directory of c:\Test?\configuration

01/04/2013 02:34 AM <DIR> .
01/04/2013 02:34 AM <DIR> ..
01/04/2013 01:42 AM 634 application-roles.properties
01/04/2013 01:42 AM 812 application-users.properties
01/04/2013 01:42 AM 2,042 logging.properties
01/04/2013 01:42 AM 836 mgmt-users.properties
01/04/2013 01:42 AM 27,024 standalone-full-ha.xml
01/04/2013 01:42 AM 20,794 standalone-full.xml
01/04/2013 01:42 AM 20,358 standalone-ha.xml
01/04/2013 01:42 AM 15,372 standalone.xml
01/04/2013 02:34 AM <DIR> standalone_xml_history
8 File(s) 87,872 bytes
3 Dir(s) 20,185,866,240 bytes free

c:\test\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin>standalone.bat -Djboss.server.config.dir=%JBOSS_CONFIG_DIR%
Calling "c:\test\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin\standalone.conf.bat"
===============================================================================

JBoss Bootstrap Environment

JBOSS_HOME: c:\test\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final

JAVA: C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\java

JAVA_OPTS: -XX:+TieredCompilation -Dprogram.name=standalone.bat -Xms64M -Xmx512M -XX:MaxPermSize=256M -Dsun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval=3600000 -Dsun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval=3600000 -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dorg.jboss.resolver.warning=true -Djboss.modules.system.pkgs=org.jboss.byteman -Djb
oss.server.default.config=standalone.xml

===============================================================================

Unable to read the logging configuration from 'file:c:\Test?\configuration/logging.properties' (java.io.FileNotFoundException: c:\Test?\configuration\logging.properties (The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect))
java.lang.IllegalStateException: JBAS018701: Configuration directory does not exist: c:\Test?\configuration
at org.jboss.as.server.ServerEnvironment.<init>(ServerEnvironment.java:371)
at org.jboss.as.server.Main.determineEnvironment(Main.java:242)
at org.jboss.as.server.Main.main(Main.java:83)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.jboss.modules.Module.run(Module.java:260)
at org.jboss.modules.Main.main(Main.java:291)
Press any key to continue . . .
c:\test\jboss-as-7.1.1.Final\bin>