Basically expand https://github.com/containers/container-libs/pull/512 to all transports.

Acceptance criteria:

• N/A really, this is not going to be user-visible until ~everything works (but see https://github.com/containers/container-libs/pull/552 adding BrokenSetForceDestinationDigestAlgorithm ).
• “all transports in c/image have a plausible implementation of PutBlobWithOptions that respect the digest parameters” (in some / many? cases just forcing sha512)
  • This depends on what we find during the implementation
  • At least c/storage will probably need to be deferred, RUN-3977 is a blocker for that.