Since the problem described in this issue should be resolved in a recent advisory, it has been closed.

For information on the advisory (kmod-kvdo bug fix update), and where to find the updated files, follow the link below.

If the solution does not work for you, open a new bug report.
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2024:1361

Verified that kmod-kvdo-8.2.1.6-102.el9_3 works with latest kernel.

1. uname -r
   5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3.x86_64
2. modprobe kvdo
3. lsmod | grep kvdo
   kvdo                  876544  2
   dm_bufio               53248  1 kvdo
   dm_mod                237568  32 kvdo,dm_log,dm_mirror,dm_bufio

I have the exact same problem. I had the same problem in the past and it was resolved by RHBA-2023:6586, but it came back with a recent update.

Reproduced with 5.14.0-362.18.1.el9_3, seems specific to latest 9.3.z:

Installed:
  kernel-5.14.0-362.18.1.el9_3.x86_64   kernel-core-5.14.0-362.18.1.el9_3.x86_64   kernel-modules-5.14.0-362.18.1.el9_3.x86_64   kernel-modules-core-5.14.0-362.18.1.el9_3.x86_64
  
Installed:
  kmod-kvdo-8.2.1.6-98.el9.x86_64 

  Attempt to load kvdo: 
  

[root@localhost ~]# modprobe kvdo
modprobe: FATAL: Module kvdo not found in directory /lib/modules/5.14.0-362.18.1.el9_3.x86_64

root@localhost ~]# ls -al /lib/modules/`uname -r`/weak-updates
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jan 30 09:13 .
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jan 30 09:13 ..

same issue here:

[root@localhost]# uname -a
Linux localhost 5.14.0-362.18.1.el9_3.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Jan 3 15:54:45 EST 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost]# rpm -qa | grep vdo
vdo-support-8.2.2.2-1.el9.x86_64
kmod-kvdo-8.2.1.6-98.el9.x86_64
vdo-8.2.2.2-1.el9.x86_64
[root@localhost ]# modprobe kvdo
modprobe: FATAL: Module kvdo not found in directory /lib/modules/5.14.0-362.18.1.el9_3.x86_64
[root@localhost ]# modinfo kvdo
modinfo: ERROR: Module kvdo not found.

[root@localhost ]# cd /lib/modules
[root@localhost ]# find . -name 'vdo'
./5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64/extra/kmod-kvdo
./5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64/extra/kmod-kvdo/vdo
./5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64/extra/kmod-kvdo/vdo/kvdo.ko

We use weak-updates to install the module in the current tree. But when we unpack the RPM, yes, /lib/modules/<older NVR> is created based on what kernel the kmod-kvdo module was built against. That is to be expected. When issuing the modprobe command, it should be 'modprobe kvdo'. The kmod prefix should not be used for modprobe.

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# dnf install kmod-kvdo
...
Installed:
  kmod-kvdo-8.2.1.6-98.el9.x86_64 

[root@localhost ~]# ls /lib/modules
5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64  5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# ls /lib/modules/`uname -r`/weak-updates
kmod-kvdo

[root@localhost ~]# modprobe kmod-kvdo
modprobe: FATAL: Module kmod-kvdo not found in directory /lib/modules/5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# modprobe kvdo
[root@localhost ~]# modinfo kvdo
[root@vm-10-0-187-221 modules]# modinfo kvdo
filename:       /lib/modules/5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64/weak-updates/kmod-kvdo/vdo/kvdo.ko
version:        8.2.1.6
license:        GPL
author:         Red Hat, Inc.
description:    device-mapper target for transparent deduplication
description:    LZ4 compressor
license:        Dual BSD/GPL
rhelversion:    9.3
srcversion:     671AA943863D42729AE5454
depends:        dm-mod,dm-bufio
retpoline:      Y
name:           kvdo
vermagic:       5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64 SMP preempt mod_unload modversions 
sig_id:         PKCS#7
signer:         Red Hat Enterprise Linux Driver Update Program (key 3)
...

slegendr@redhat.com Thanks for the info and the update, unfortunately I didn't see your comment before I started reproducing.  

The issue appears to be due to kmod-kvdo installs the module into `/lib/modules/5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64` and not the current tree. 

[root@localhost ~]# ls /lib/modules/5.14.0-36
5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64/       5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /lib/modules/5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64/extra/kmod-kvdo/vdo/kvdo.ko 
/lib/modules/5.14.0-360.el9.x86_64/extra/kmod-kvdo/vdo/kvdo.ko

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# dnf info kmod-kvdo
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:09 ago on Mon Jan 29 13:01:47 2024.
Available Packages
Name         : kmod-kvdo
Version      : 8.2.1.6
Release      : 98.el9
Architecture : x86_64
Size         : 337 k
Source       : kmod-kvdo-8.2.1.6-98.el9.src.rpm
Repository   : rhel-9-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms
Summary      : Kernel Modules for Virtual Data Optimizer
URL          : http://github.com/dm-vdo/kvdo
License      : GPLv2+
Description  : Virtual Data Optimizer (VDO) is a device mapper target that delivers
             : block-level deduplication, compression, and thin provisioning.
             : 
             : This package provides the kernel modules for VDO.

[root@localhost ~]# dnf install kmod-kvdo
[..]
Downloading Packages:
kmod-kvdo-8.2.1.6-98.el9.x86_64.rpm
[..]
Installed:
  kmod-kvdo-8.2.1.6-98.el9.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# modprobe kmod-kvdo
modprobe: FATAL: Module kmod-kvdo not found in directory /lib/modules/5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64

As this is RHELPLAN, was this resolved in RHBA-2023:6586 via RHELPLAN-149795. Or is this still an issue where this needs migrated to RHEL Jira project?