Quay Operator should install a fully supported version of Postgres for Quay and Clair

The current version of postgres that is being installed by Quay Operator for Quay and Clair is postgres 10 which will have its final release in May 2024. The Operator should be able to install a newer major version of Postgres (on a yearly basis) and handle as much of the upgrade process as possible. 

https://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/

The operator should handle (or at least offer to handle) as much of the toil in upgrading as possible before doing the upgrade itself. We should also have some way to verify the upgrade was correct (e.g. compare some sort of 'checksum' before and after) prior to doing the actual upgrade.

We also need to work out a good strategy with our postgres client so that a fully managed database can stay current but we can also allow unmanaged databases back to a certain point. Just because we upgrade postgres versions doesn't mean we should break an existing Quay/Clair installation using unmanaged databases.