Description of problem:
Column ID in nova.instance_system_metadata reached the max of INT, AUTO_INCREMENT | Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1

[SQL: INSERT INTO instance_system_metadata (created_at, updated_at, deleted_at, deleted, `key`, value, instance_uuid) VALUES (%(created_at)s, %(updated_at)s, %(deleted_at)s, %(deleted)s, %(key)s, %(value)s, %(instance_uuid)s)]
[parameters:

{'created_at': datetime.datetime(2023, 1, 24, 13, 41, 3, 358921), 'updated_at': None, 'deleted_at': None, 'deleted': 0, 'key': 'clean_attempts', 'value': '1', 'instance_uuid': 'a0aab297-9a8c-4115-9cf1-1aff60a6ce8d'}

]
(Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/2j85): pymysql.err.InternalError: (167, "Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1")

Version-Release number of selected component (if applicable):
RHOSP 16.1

How reproducible:

RHOSP over few years usage till the ID in nova.instance_system_metadata reached the max of INT

MariaDB [nova]> select * from instance_system_metadata order by created_at desc limit 10;
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MariaDB [nova]> explain instance_system_metadata;
-------------------------------------------------------+

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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `instance_system_metadata`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `instance_system_metadata` (
`created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`instance_uuid` varchar(36) NOT NULL,
`key` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`value` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`deleted` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `instance_uuid` (`instance_uuid`),
CONSTRAINT `instance_system_metadata_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`instance_uuid`) REFERENCES `instances` (`uuid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2147483648 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

Steps to Reproduce:
1.
2.
3.

Actual results:
Instances are not being scheduled and DB errors appearing in Nova conductor logs
~~~
2023-01-24 13:41:03.359 37 ERROR oslo_db.sqlalchemy.exc_filters pymysql.err.InternalError: (167, "Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1")
~~~

Expected results:

Additional info:

Workaround: The issue could be fixed by re-indexing instance_system_metadata table.