In org.jboss.logmanager.config.LoggerConfigurationImpl line 83:
configuration.getHandlerRefs().get(getName()).setFilter((Filter) param.getObject());

throws a NPE, as configuration.getHandlerRefs() does not contain the relevant entry. The whole thing looks very suspicous because getHandlerRefs() has two entries under 'FILE' and 'CONSOLE' while getName() returns log categories such as 'com.arjuna', so it seems very unlikely that this will ever work.

The only reason that this appears to work ok is because in org.jboss.logmanager.config.LogContextConfigurationImpl#doApplyPostCreate any exceptions or errors are silently ignored:

try {
   action.applyPostCreate((T) arg);
} catch (Throwable ignored) {}