From the documentation:

https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/2.0/connectors/mongodb.html#mongodb-property-field-exclude-list

An optional comma-separated list of the fully-qualified names of fields that should be excluded from change event message values. Fully-qualified names for fields are of the form databaseName.collectionName.fieldName.nestedFieldName, where databaseName and collectionName may contain the wildcard * which matches any characters.

but config with: "field.exclude.list": 

*.*.Payload

will result in error:

The 'field.exclude.list' value is invalid: *.*.Payload has invalid format (expecting <databaseName>.<collectionName>.<fieldName>.<nestedFieldName>)

and in the code:
https://github.com/debezium/debezium/blob/main/debezium-connector-mongodb/src/main/java/io/debezium/connector/mongodb/MongoDbConnectorConfig.java

protected static final Pattern FIELD_EXCLUDE_LIST_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("^*\(?:
.\\w\
.\\w\)(
.\\w\+)
s$");

the pattern doesn't allow for '*' in collectionName.