On MongoDB java driver, there is a heartbeat frequency setting https://javadoc.io/doc/org.mongodb/mongodb-driver-core/4.7.2/com/mongodb/connection/ServerSettings.Builder.html#heartbeatFrequency(long,java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit) – it controls how often the driver refresh the cluster descriptions.

The default is 10 sec, which means there will be a ~10sec delay on primary failover. Debezium should expose a config setting to allow override this setting.