set following property can reproduce this issue.
sql_mode=ALLOW_INVALID_DATES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

CREATE TABLE `t_user_black_list` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`data` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`update_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT 'update_time',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
insert into t_user_black_list values (1, 'test invalid datetime', '2022-09-31 13:56:57', now());

error log:
org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: An exception occurred in the change event producer. This connector will be stopped.
at io.debezium.pipeline.ErrorHandler.setProducerThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:50)
at io.debezium.connector.mysql.MySqlStreamingChangeEventSource$ReaderThreadLifecycleListener.onEventDeserializationFailure(MySqlStreamingChangeEventSource.java:1241)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.listenForEventPackets(BinaryLogClient.java:970)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.connect(BinaryLogClient.java:599)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient$7.run(BinaryLogClient.java:857)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:830)
Caused by: io.debezium.DebeziumException: Invalid date 'SEPTEMBER 31'
at io.debezium.connector.mysql.MySqlStreamingChangeEventSource.wrap(MySqlStreamingChangeEventSource.java:1188)
... 5 more
Caused by: java.time.DateTimeException: Invalid date 'SEPTEMBER 31'
at java.base/java.time.LocalDate.create(LocalDate.java:459)
at java.base/java.time.LocalDate.of(LocalDate.java:271)
at java.base/java.time.LocalDateTime.of(LocalDateTime.java:361)
at io.debezium.connector.mysql.RowDeserializers.deserializeDatetimeV2(RowDeserializers.java:419)
at io.debezium.connector.mysql.RowDeserializers$WriteRowsDeserializer.deserializeDatetimeV2(RowDeserializers.java:207)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.AbstractRowsEventDataDeserializer.deserializeCell(AbstractRowsEventDataDeserializer.java:183)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.AbstractRowsEventDataDeserializer.deserializeRow(AbstractRowsEventDataDeserializer.java:143)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.WriteRowsEventDataDeserializer.deserializeRows(WriteRowsEventDataDeserializer.java:64)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.WriteRowsEventDataDeserializer.deserialize(WriteRowsEventDataDeserializer.java:56)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.WriteRowsEventDataDeserializer.deserialize(WriteRowsEventDataDeserializer.java:32)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.EventDeserializer.deserializeEventData(EventDeserializer.java:303)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.EventDeserializer.nextEvent(EventDeserializer.java:232)
at io.debezium.connector.mysql.MySqlStreamingChangeEventSource$1.nextEvent(MySqlStreamingChangeEventSource.java:230)
at com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.listenForEventPackets(BinaryLogClient.java:953)
... 3 more