Type variable always has an upper bound

The specification says:

the required type parameter is an actual type, the bean type parameter is a type variable and the actual type is assignable from
the upper bound, if any, of the type variable, or

or

the required type parameter is an actual type, the bean type parameter is a type variable and the actual type is assignable to
the upper bound, if any, of the type variable, or

depending on the version of the specification. These if any constructs are redundant since JLS defines that every type variable has an upper bound. Even if one is not explicitly declared, java.lang.Object is assumed as the upper bound. This fits the CDI rules well.

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.4